葡萄牙：使用“噬菌体鸡尾酒”对付EMS

　　

　　尽管已经有学术论文证明，噬菌体存在一定的细菌耐受性差的缺点，但是“噬菌体鸡尾酒”可以解决这一短板。

　　

　　试验的目的是为了证明三种噬菌蛭弧菌（噬菌蛭弧菌—1，噬菌蛭弧菌—2，噬菌蛭弧菌—3）在水产养殖方面的作用效果。试验表明，三种噬菌体对副溶血弧菌都有效，但其中噬菌蛭弧菌—3的效果最明显。当混合使用两种或三种噬菌体时（所谓的噬菌体“鸡尾酒”），效果要比单独使用 噬菌蛭弧菌—1和噬菌蛭弧菌—2明显很多。三种噬菌体均能在海水中存活至少5-7个月，但比起噬菌蛭弧菌—1和2， 噬菌蛭弧菌—3能在更短的时间内达到更多的数量。

　　

　　总的来说，混合使用噬菌体这种“鸡尾酒”方法，能使副溶血弧菌的失活更为有效而快速，同时也能延慢细菌对噬菌体的耐受能力（注：随着细菌的进化，也会对噬菌体产生耐受性）。同时，使用能在短期内达到数量高峰，和溶菌周期短的噬菌体，可以显著提高防治效果。

　　

　　January 18, 2014

　　

　　Portugal

　　

　　Using Phage Cocktails to Fight EMS

　　

　　From Abstract: Phage therapycan be an eco-friendly alternative to prevent and control pathogenic bacteria in aquaculture.  Although phage bacterial resistance is well documented in the scientific literature, the use of phage cocktailscan overcome this drawback.  The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficiency of cocktails of two and three phages ofVibrio parahaemolyticus(VP-1, VP-2 and VP-3) to controlVibriosin aquaculture.  All three phages were effective againstV. parahaemolyticus;however, the VP-3 phage was the most efficient one (additional reduction of more 2 log when compared with the other two phages).  The use of cocktails with two and three phages was significantly more effective (reductions of 4 log after 2 hours) than the use of VP-1 and VP-2 phages alone(reductions of 0.8 log after 2 hours).  All phages remained viable for a long time (at least 5-7 months) in marine water.  The VP-3 phage presented a larger burst size and a shorter latent period than the other two phages.  Overall, the use of phage cocktails of two or three phages increased the efficiency of phage therapy againstVibrio(more efficient and faster bacterial inactivation) and delayed the development of resistance by the bacteria.  The use of Vibriophages with high burst sizes and short lytic cycles also increased the efficiency of phage therapy。