水产动物肠道健康及鱼粉替代@诺伟司水产事业部在线交流（1楼提供课件下载）

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yulee 发表于 2013-1-17 14:52
希望介绍一下亚太水产地区对虾饲料中鱼粉的应用情况及外源氨基酸的使用状况，鱼粉替代方面目前比较成熟的方 ...

ramakanta nayak: In Thailand shrimp when the fish meal prices was growing drastically in 2009 and the feedmillers were not allowed to compromise on the Crude Protein level and farmers interested for fast and more growth with high yield, feedmillers started looking for alternatives. It is during thsi time Novus proposed on aholistic model approach on fish meal replacement with a complete balance of amino acids, minerals and addition of functional additives such as antioxidant and organic acids.
Historically the Thai feedmillers were using in a range of 25-30% FM in shrimp diets but today they use only 12-15% and sometimes even lower, even though the prices of local fish meal has come down to 1200$, but by blanacing with essential amino acids such as methionine, lysiine, minerals such as Zn and Se and using performance products to improve the immunity and fisht against pathogenic bacteria such as organic acids they have successfuily kept the high standards of growth and total yield per ha of culture area.

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kanhai 发表于 2013-1-18 21:03
能谈谈如何保护养殖对虾肠道的健康避免肠炎的发生
对虾育苗过程中，又该如何来预防提高成活率

Gut health and survival is the biggest challange in shrimp culture today, the challanges are from bacterial and many due to the impact of feed ingredients. For bacterial challanges what in successful countries are doing is managing by using Gut Environment Modifiers whihc can be AFG (organic acids) and NE150 (essential oils). these products protect the animals against pathogenic bacteria, improve the digestibility of the feed, improve the FCR, improve growth and suvival. In terms of feed ingredients I think its high time to look for alternative proteins and move away from the fundamental approach of high fish meal diets and balance the feed with limited amino acids such as methionine and moving from inorganic minerals to chelated minerals. Many times also it has been seen when we shift to plant proteins from animal proteins we add to the gut problems because the plant proteins have high anti nutritional factors, mycotoxins and low digestibility, so in order to have the best nutrition available its not only balancing at protein levels but on all factors as mentioned earlier and adding functional additives such as antioxidant to prevent oxidantion of the feed, mycotoxin binders and attractants.

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鱼体偏肥是否和长期使用膨化料有一定关系？

Piet：With extruded feeds, we are using often using higher energy in the feed. There is a relation between the digestible protein/digestible energy ratio and fat fish. too much digestible energy and not enough digestible protein will affect the fish shape negatively.

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天涯游虾 发表于 2013-1-22 16:38
看看这几条虾，中间的两条我认为是营养不良导致的，主要症状就是甲壳薄，易死亡，各位有啥看法，谢谢了

Nayak:
Japonicus and Monodon have a habit of going to the bottom of the pond as compared to the white shrimps whihc stay in the water column, these differences in color of the shrimp and the soft shell to a large extent is due to bad pond bottom with high ammonia and hydrogen sulphide. Corrective measures is use of probiotics and remove of sludge or bottom water exchange.Make sure the alkanity and the pH is also optimum and the DO early morning is sufficient.Avoid over feeding and control FCR, right source of minerals for the animals is also essential to vaoid blue shrimps and soft shell so farmer should ask feed mills to use chelated minerals.

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水宝宝 发表于 2013-1-22 17:33
Nayak:
Japonicus and Monodon have a habit of going to the bottom of the pond as compared to the w ...

Auto feeder is the latest technology in optimizing feeding and use of minimum labor which is become expensive. By this model we avoid over feeding which can be human error as well as continued feeding avoids leaching of many nutrients from the feed as it is eaten immedeately the  moment feed is injected into the pond.Standardizing is an important step in auto feeder and then only get good FCR. In Thailand people have achieved FCR to the tune of 1.1 - 1.2 in shrimps with high stocking density of 100 to 150 pcs per sq.m

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虾兵鱼将 发表于 2013-1-21 13:12
虾料公司生产过程中都会添加一定量的虾壳粉，用来促进对虾蜕壳，但是市场上虾壳粉的质量和数量很难保证，不 ...

Piet Verstaete: With extruded feeds, we are using higher energy, higher energy can bring some nutritional stress if overfeeding occurs (liver problems) or if the formula is not balanced (amino acids, vitamins, minerals, etc..). Also in extruded feeds we are often using more oil in coating and the oxidation of the oil can induce stress. Too much carbhydrate will also cause liver problems and fish stop feeding. Also, feeding higher energy feeds uses more oxygen for digestion.On the farm side: More checks on oxygen levels on the feeds are needed when feeding higher energy diets. So the time of feeding and the ration size should be managed better with extruded feeds compared with pelleted (lower energy feeds).On the feed size: extrududed feeds should be well balanced and if a lot of oil is coated, the oil shoudl be fresh band treated with anti-oxidants. It is also wise to increase the levels of vitamin E and vitamin E to reduce the stress of the fish and some phospholipid, choline and inositol to protect the liver.

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nothing 发表于 2013-1-22 16:04
现在资源的匮乏，如传统配方中的，肝脏粉，鱼油，鱼粉等含量方面和很多年前的指标差别大了。
那么对于对虾 ...

Piet Verstaete: an alternative of controlled quality, but more expensive is krill meal. Alternatives to krill meal to improve moulting is to increase phospholipid levels, cholesterol levels and/or add bile salts.

Piet Verstaete: Cholesterol is less an less used because of its high price, generally we try to improve the cholesterol available from ingredients by using emulsifiers and increasing phospholipid levels.

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快乐的鱼 发表于 2013-1-21 14:00
请诺伟司谈谈高档肉食性鱼（大口鲇、黄颡鱼等）饲料中如何进行鱼粉的替代？最少鱼粉用在多少？还有晶体氨基 ...

外源AA的的平衡在国外已经相当成熟，当然，鱼粉的替代，MET的平衡仅仅是众多营养素平补充和平衡第一位的，我们还会考虑，鱼粉替代后对诱食的影响，PUFA的影响，盐分的影响，微量元素，P等等，除了从营养量的角度与平衡外，我们还须在功能性营养的方面加以考虑。诺伟司蛋氨酸由于特殊的分子结构使其能在机体内生理缓释，而具有优秀的蛋氨酸效价外，由于分子结构不同，同时具有酸化剂功能，和优良的诱食功能。

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快乐的鱼 发表于 2013-1-21 14:00
请诺伟司谈谈高档肉食性鱼（大口鲇、黄颡鱼等）饲料中如何进行鱼粉的替代？最少鱼粉用在多少？还有晶体氨基 ...

外源AA的的平衡在国外已经相当成熟，当然，鱼粉的替代，MET的平衡仅仅是众多营养素平补充和平衡第一位的，我们还会考虑，鱼粉替代后对诱食的影响，PUFA的影响，盐分的影响，微量元素，P等等，除了从营养量的角度与平衡外，我们还须在功能性营养的方面加以考虑。诺伟司蛋氨酸由于特殊的分子结构使其能在机体内生理缓释，而具有优秀的蛋氨酸效价外，由于分子结构不同，同时具有酸化剂功能，和优良的诱食功能。

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因为时间关系，我们的交流先到这里，还有很多没有回答的问题，Nayak、Piet以及诺伟司全球的水产技术专家将会在稍后的时间一一为我们解答，诺伟司也欢迎大家继续提问，他们将继续与各位论坛的朋友交流探讨。

感谢几位嘉宾一个下午认真的解答，感谢！

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juan850731 发表于 2013-1-23 10:49
真是可惜，昨天下午有事要办，来晚了。不是说还有两个课件吗？怎么不见小编上传上来。

两个课件将稍晚传上来