百奥明之海口虾农虾友座谈会

玉。

座谈会主题

主题一：　现状与需求　

虾农：

－近年来在养虾中遇到的困难、困惑

－所采取的解决方法

－所需支持和援助（政府、企业－饲料、种苗、渔药等）

虾友（政府、企业、媒体）：

－现状和问题

－可提供的解决方案

－未来发展方向

会间休息　

主题二：百奥明的解决方案　

益生菌

－益生菌作用机理、如何选择、如何用

－AquaStar 益生菌产品研发设计、作用机制、应用评估试验、提问与解答

植物提取物

百健宝产品研发设计、作用机制、水产试验总结、提问与解答

主题三：讨论交流 、总结　

美丽白虾

   这个座谈会很空啊。

smallfish

期待更多精彩内容

鱼游四海

讨论阶段摘要：

1.养殖企业陈总：

从96年开始养虾，遇到的最大问题就是病害和池塘溶解氧的问题。

2.海南省科技厅张跃华处长：

99年开始养虾，开始比较顺利，近几年弧菌病严重，今年绿弧菌尤其严重，变异使其成为难题。防菌是很难的，要控制病害，要回归水体控制，加强池塘条件调控和营养调控。2008年后对虾养殖疾病方面开始使用抗生素，近两年抗生素使用增多，导致病害变异。希望在技术方面得到科研院所支持。

3.海南大学谢珍玉博士：

研究领域对于病害十分关心，从2002年开始做弧菌方面的研究。弧菌是现在海水中最常见的种类，水体是开放的环境，控制病菌进入很难。流行病学研究很难跟着疾病发生走，细菌变异进化速度太快。关于抗生素是坚决反对使用的，继续使用会导致人发病，不仅仅是虾发病。我们推崇健康养殖，弧菌病是条件致病菌，可以追溯到环境问题，其中很关键的就是调水。一是可以用益生菌调水，二是使用拮抗菌。搞清致病机理的同时推行健康养殖，弧菌病有望解决。

4.湛江海大饲料有限公司李世恒：

我们公司也在研究弧菌，用沸石粉沉淀菌成功率还是比较高的。采用严格消毒的方法后会导致肥水困难。导致疾病的综合因素很多，防不胜防。

5.湛江海大饲料有限公司郑声秋：

面对病害养殖户往往会归结到苗种问题，而不会想到环境的影响。公司一年举行过8场中会，50多场小会讲解生物防控的问题，使客户养虾成功率提高了28%。从根源上防治，进行生物防控，针对弧菌有效，可降低养殖风险。增加有益菌群，减少塘底污染物，做好营养与调水，是解决问题的关键。海大特别注重服务终端，耐心讲解产品用法。

6.湛江海大饲料有限公司张宏辉：

养虾养好还是比较难的，水源条件管理好的成效就会比较好。关键在于预防工作。溶氧问题很关键。

7.鱼药孟总：

国内很多指标的检测标准比国外低。很多药物开始有效，后来会失去控制。如今塘越来越小，很难建立生态系统的平衡。依靠企业搞科研成效不够，科研院所应该多做该方面工作。

鱼游四海

Researchers have proved that the use of probiotic bacteria in aquaculture improves water quality by
balancing bacterial population in water and reducing pathogenic bacterial load. Probiotics bacteria such
as the Gram positive Bacillus species are widely used in aquaculture products. Bacillus species are
commonly found in marine sediments and therefore are naturally ingested by animals such as shrimps
that feed in or on the sediment. However, it is unlikely that a single bacterial species will be able to


remain dominant in a continuously changing environment. The probability that a beneficial bacterium
will dominate the associated microbiota is higher when several bacteria are administered then when
only one probiotic strain is involved. Furthermore, when the host or its environment already carries a
well-established and stable microbial community, it is much more probable that the probiotic will have
to be supplied on a regular basis to achieve and maintain its artificial dominance.

研究者已证实在水产养殖中应用益生菌能够通过平衡水体中的菌群以及降低致病菌数量来改善水
质。益生菌例如革兰氏阳性菌芽孢杆菌在目前水产养殖中普遍应用。芽孢杆菌通常会在海洋沉积
物中被发现，因而会被动物自然地摄入例如在海底摄食或摄食底部沉积物的虾类。然而，单一的
菌种很少能在持续变化的环境中保持主导地位。多菌种有益菌菌群在相关联的微生物集群中占据
主导地位相比于单一菌种占主导的可能性高。而且，当宿主或其生存环境已具有一个很好地建立
起来的稳定微生物群落，就更有必要定期地提供益生菌使其能达到并保持人为造成的主导优势。

In addition, intensive aquaculture farming produces large amounts of organic wastes within one crop.
Much of these organic wastes materials accumulated in the pond and cannot be utilized by the
phytoplankton though photosynthesis. These organic wastes compounds are quite stable, and do not
have a tendency to break into simpler untilizable forms. Oxidation of these organic wasted compounds
depletes the dissolved oxygen deep in the shrimp and fish ponds bottom soils, and formation of toxic
metabolites such as hydrogen sulfide, methane, ammonia, and nitrite, thus contributing greatly to the
mortality rates in aqua farming.

另外，集约化水产养殖在一个生产周期中产生大量的有机废物。这些有机废物很多都累积在塘中
并且无法被光合浮游生物通过光合作用加以利用。这些有机废物非常稳定，也不具有分解成简单
的可被利用的形态的倾向。这些有机废物化合物的氧化会剥夺虾塘或鱼塘底泥中的溶解氧，而且
有毒物质如硫化氢、甲烷、氨氮和亚硝的形成严重增加水产养殖中的死亡率。

The biological degradation of the organic matter (feed and feces) present in the pond, gives rise to the
production of ammonia (NH3) in addition to carbon dioxide (CO2) and water (H2O). Since ammonia is
toxic to shrimp and other aquatic life at very low levels it is extremely important that it is removed.
These removal processes are known as nitrification and denitrification, which involve the oxidation of
ammonia to nitrites and nitrates, and the reduction of nitrates via nitrites to nitrogen gas (atmospheric
nitrogen). These processes are carried out by specialized organisms called nitrifying and denitrifying
bacteria.


有机物（饲料和粪便）的生物降解存在于池塘中，进一步增加了氨氮(NH3)及二氧化碳(CO2)和水
(H2O)的产生。既然氨氮在很低浓度下就对虾和其他水生生物具有毒性，那么去除掉氨氮是极其重
要的。这些去除氨氮的过程包括硝化和反硝化，包括将氨氮氧化成亚硝及进一步氧化成硝酸，以
及经由硝酸盐转化为氮气（气态氮）来减少硝酸盐。这些转化过程是由硝化细菌和反硝化细菌来
完成的。

Under these circumstances the proactive approach is to add such cultures. AquaStar Pond and AquaStar
PondZyme contain active cultures (Thiobacillus sp. and Paracoccus sp.) that will start to oxidize the
ammonia and reduce the nitrate as soon as they are added to the system. The strains in the product
work in harmony with the existing biomass and increase its overall efficiency to improve elimination of
ammonia, nitrites and nitrates, and improve water quality and pond environment.

基于以上所述，添加这些特定微生物是主动的措施。AquaStar Pond 池塘专用和 AquaStar
PondZyme 塘酶含有活跃的益生菌培养物（硫杆菌和副球菌），一旦它们被加入到养殖生态系统
中就能立即启动氨氮的氧化及降低硝酸盐。产品中的各个益生菌菌株能够在既有的生物质中相互
协调配合和谐地工作从而提高它们清除氨氮、亚硝和硝酸盐的整体效率，进而改善水质和池塘环
境。

AquaStar PondZyme is a product that also incorporates pure enzyme blends (proteases, amylases,
cellulases, xylanases) to degrade all the principle organic constituents normally found in shrimp and fish
ponds. These specific enzymes can promote the pre-digestion of certain complex nutrients and facilitate
the release of highly digestible nutrients. Each enzyme can act to catalyze only very selected chemical
reactions and only with very selected substances. For example, proteases work on proteins, amylases
work on starches, cellulases work on cellulose and lipases work on lipids or fats. Recall that cellulose is
the major cell wall material in plants and is therefore quite durable.

AquaStar PondZyme 塘酶是一种产品除包含益生菌外，还含有纯化的酶的混合物（蛋白酶、淀粉
酶、纤维素酶、木聚糖酶）能降解在虾塘和鱼塘中常见的全部基本有机物。这些特定的酶能够促
进对某些复杂营养物质的预消化并且达成对高度可消化营养小分子的释放。每种酶仅能催化作用
于非常有选择性的化学反应，以及非常有选择性的底物。举例来说，蛋白酶作用于蛋白质，淀粉
酶作用于淀粉，纤维素酶作用于纤维素而脂肪酶作用于油脂或脂肪。不要忘记纤维素是植物细胞
壁中的主要物质且很难被消化。




RECOMMENDATIONS AND USAGE:

用法及使用建议：

FISH and SHRIMP 鱼和虾

AquaStar Hatchery: 2-5 g per 1000 L or 100.000 larvae at least once a day over the larval rearing period.
Dissolve the product in water (1:20 ratio). Apply in the tank water or with live feed.

AquaStar 育苗专用：在整个育苗期间，每1000升水或100.000苗用2-5克，每天至少用一次。将
本品溶于水（按1：20的比例），泼洒于水中或与活饵料混合。

AquaStar Growout: Initial stages of pond grow-out (weeks 1-4) 5 g/kg diet. Remaining grow-out period,
2-3 g/kg diet. Dissolve in water (1:20), mix with the feed and let dry. Finally, top coat with some
molasses.

AquaStar 养成专用：养成期的初始阶段（周1-4 ）用5克/公斤饲料。在其后的养成阶段，用2-3
克/公斤饲料。将本品溶于水（按1：20的比例），与饲料混合拌匀并风干，最后用一些糖蜜来作
包被。

SHRIMP 虾

AquaStar Pond: 0.5 to 2.0 kg/ha and repeat after 5-28 days depending on culture system and animal
density. Dissolve the product in water (1:30). Distribute in various locations around the pond.
AquaStar PondZyme: 0.3-1 kg/ha per 7-28 days depending on culture system and animal density.
Dissolve the product in water (1:30). Distribute in various locations around the pond.

AquaStar 池塘专用：用0.5到2公斤/公顷（33克-133克/亩）并于5-28天后重复使用，用量和频
次根据养殖系统和养殖密度而定。将本品溶于水（按1：30的比例），泼洒于虾塘各处。

AquaStar 塘酶：用0.3-1公斤/公顷（20克- 67克/亩）每7-28天用一次，用量和频次根据养殖系
统和养殖密度而定。将本品溶于水（按1：30的比例），泼洒于虾塘各处。

鱼游四海

PRODUCTS 产品

AquaStar Hatchery is a probiotic product composed by several strains of beneficial bacteria (Bacillus sp.,
Enterococcus sp., Lactobacillus sp., Pediococcus sp.) produced using single cell fermentation to assure
quality and high CFU count, design for improving gut and water environment in shrimp and fish
hatcheries. These bacterial cultures will modify the microbial communities in water and gut of the larvae,
reduce or eliminate pathogenic microorganisms, and generally improve the growth and survival of the


animals. Beneficial bacteria which compete with bacterial pathogens for nutrient and/or inhibit the
growth of pathogens can be applied to the water or to the live feed. AquaStar Hatchery is applied to the
water but it will end up in the gut of the animal. These so-called beneficial bacteria are not therapeutic
agents but will alter directly or indirectly the composition of the microbial community in the rearing
environment and in the larvae gut, improving the animal health and performance.

AquaStar Hatchery育苗专用是一种益生菌产品，由几种有益细菌构成（芽孢杆菌、肠球菌、乳酸
杆菌、乳酸片球菌），通过单个细胞发酵来确保品质和高活菌数（CFU），其产品设计是为了改
善虾苗和鱼苗的肠道环境和虾苗场和鱼苗场的水体环境。这些细菌培养物会改变水中以及幼苗肠
道中的微生物群落，减少甚而消除有害微生物，并且总体上改善生长和存活率。有益细菌与病原
菌竞争营养和/或抑制病原菌的生长，因而可用于水体或活饵料中。AquaStar Hatchery 育苗专用虽
然是直接用于育苗水体中但它最终会定植和作用于幼苗的肠道中。这些被称为益生菌的有益细菌
并非治疗性的药物而是直接或间接地改变养殖环境中和幼苗肠道中的微生物群落组成，从而改善
动物的健康和生产表现。

AquaStar Growout is a probiotic product for fish and shrimp grow out phase, which is added to the feed
and is targeted to improve the microbial community of the animal gut. Beside the probiotic bacterial
strains (Bacillus sp., Enterococcus sp., Lactobacillus sp., Pediococcus sp.) it also incorporates bacteria cell
walls to act as an immunostimulant and enhance the fish/shrimp immune system. Since the feed pellets
will be distributed in the water some of these probiotic bacteria will also end up in the pond water,
competing with some pathogenic bacteria for nutrient, thus, improving the microbial community in the
pond.

AquaStar Growout 养成专用是一种应用于鱼和虾养成阶段的益生菌产品，添加于饲料中，目标是
改善动物肠道的微生物群落。除了含有几种益生菌菌株以外（芽孢杆菌、肠球菌、乳酸杆菌、乳
酸片球菌），它还含有有益菌的菌体细胞壁作为免疫促进剂来增强鱼/虾的免疫系统。因为饲料颗
粒会散落于水中，所以饲料中添加的这些有益菌的其中一部分也会定植和作用于水体中。

AquaStar Pond & AquaStar PondZyme bioremediation solutions

AquaStar Pond 池塘专用 & AquaStar PondZyme 塘酶 生物修复解决方案

The newest attempt being made to improve water quality in aquaculture is the application of probiotics
and/or enzymes to the ponds. This type of biotechnology is known as “bioremediation”, which involves
manipulation of microorganisms in ponds to reduce pathogenic bacteria, enhance mineralization of


organic matter and get rid of undesirable waste compounds. AquaStar Pond (Bacillus sp., Enterococcus
sp., Pediococcus sp., Thiobacillus sp., Paracoccus sp.), and AquaStar PondZyme (with additional enzymes
added) are bioremediation solutions to improve pond water quality. The positive microbial activities of
this probiotic mixture include competitive exclusion of pathogenic bacteria, elimination of toxic
materials such as ammonia, nitrite, and hydrogen sulfide, degradation of uneaten feed.

应用益生菌和/或酶到池塘中，是水产养殖中为改善水质所采用的最新的尝试。这一类的生物技术
被称为“生物修复”，其中涉及到管控池塘中的微生物从而减少致病细菌、加强有机物质的矿化
以及清除掉无益的废物化合物。AquaStar Pond 池塘专用（芽孢杆菌、肠球菌、乳酸片球菌、硫杆
菌、副球菌）以及AquaStar PondZyme 塘酶（额外添加了几种酶）是改善池塘水质的生物修复解
决方案。这种解决方案提供了良性的微生物活动包括竞争性排除致病性细菌、消除有毒物质例如
氨氮、亚硝酸、和硫化氢、降解残饵。

Aquaculture practices such as discontinuous culture cycles, disinfection and cleaning of ponds or tanks
prior to stocking, and sudden increases in nutrients due to exogenous feeding, generally do not provide
appropriate environments for the establishment of stable microbial communities. Therefore, it is very
unlikely that under intensive rearing conditions a stable microbial community can be achieved. Thus,
instead of allowing spontaneous primary colonization of the rearing water by bacteria accidentally
present, the water is preemptively colonized by the addition of probiotic bacteria, since it is generally
recognized that preemptive colonization may extend the reign of pioneer organisms provided that the
probiotic culture are well adapted to the prevailing environmental conditions.

在水产养殖实际生产中如非连续性的养殖周期、在放苗前进行消毒、清塘或清池，以及投喂外源
性饵料而导致营养激增，总的来说并不能提供适宜的环境来建立稳定的微生物群落。因此，在集
约化养殖条件下实现稳定的微生物群落，其可能性非常小。正因如此，与其让在养殖水体中偶然
存在的菌自发地形成原始菌落，不如通过添加有益细菌先发制人地形成原始优势菌落，因为通常
认为抢先定植的菌落可能会扩大起始微生物的统治范围从而使得益生菌的培养和生长能很好地适
应早期的基本环境条件。

鱼游四海

AquaStar 产品介绍

AquaStar probiotics

BIOMIN probiotic solutions for aquaculture: Mode of action and usage

百奥明BIOMIN水产益生菌解决方案: 作用机制及使用方法



Pedro Encarnacao, Aqua Technical Director（ 水产技术总监）, Biomin Singapore （百奥明新加坡）

Elisabeth Mayer, AquaStar Product Manager （产品经理）, Biomin Austria （百奥明奥地利）

ZHANG Yan, Aqua Technical Sales Manager（水产技术销售经理）, Biomin China （百奥明中国）



RATIONAL 理论背景

The host-microbe interactions are often qualitatively as well as quantitatively different for aquatic and
terrestrial species. In the aquatic environment, hosts and microorganisms share the ecosystem. By
contrast, in most terrestrial systems, the gut represents a moist habitat in an otherwise water-limited
environment. In some sense, microbes in an aquatic environment have the choice of living in association
with the potential host (intestinal tract, gills, or skin) or not, while in the terrestrial environment,
appreciable activity may be limited to aquatic niches such as those provided by the guts of host animals.
Much more than terrestrial animals, aquatic farmed animals are surrounded by an environment that
supports their pathogens independently of the host animals, and so (opportunistic) pathogens can reach
high densities around the animal.

宿主-微生物之间的相互作用在水生动物和陆生动物之间不仅是质的区别也是量的区别。在水生环
境中，宿主和微生物共同分享生态系统。与之相反的是，在大多数陆生系统中，接触水有限，仅
有肠道代表了一个潮湿的微生物栖息环境。在某些情况下，水生环境中的微生物会选择是否与相
关联的潜在宿主共同生活（肠道、鳃、或皮肤）。而在陆生环境中，这种选择性可能仅限于有水


的生境例如宿主动物的肠道所提供的生态环境。不仅如此，水生养殖动物被包围在一个生态环境
中，这种环境可以支撑病原菌独立于宿主动物而存活，并且正因如此（条件）致病菌能够在养殖
动物生存的水环境中达到很高的密度。

Surrounding bacteria are continuously ingested either with the feed or when the host is drinking. This is
especially the case with filter feeders like shrimp, which ingest bacteria at a high rate from the culture
water, causing a natural interaction between the microbiota of the ambient environment and the gut
environment. For preventing and controlling diseases, particularly in aquaculture, the best method is to
improve the health of culture organisms and eliminate pathogens by improving aquatic environment.

水生环境中的细菌不断被宿主通过进食和饮水而摄入体内，滤食性动物如虾就更是如此。虾会从
养殖水体中摄入大量的细菌，从而引起水环境中的微生物与肠道中的微生物进行自然的相互作
用。对于预防和控制疾病来说，特别是在水产养殖中，最好的方法是改善养殖动物自身的健康并
通过 改善水环境来消除病原菌。

The use of beneficial bacteria (probiotics) to displace pathogens by competitive processes is being used
in the animal industry as a better remedy than administering antibiotics and is now gaining acceptance
for the control of pathogens in aquaculture, especially in shrimp farming operations. Probiotic bacteria
competitively exclude the pathogenic bacteria or produce substances that inhibit the growth of the
pathogenic bacteria (e.g. Bacitracin and polymyxin produced by Bacillus sp.).

用有益的细菌（益生菌）来竞争性取代病原菌正在动物养殖产业中被应用，且这种举措要优于使
用抗生素， 因而目前在水产养殖中作为病原菌控制手段也正在逐步得到认可，特别是养虾生产
中。益生菌竞争性地排除病原菌或者通过产生抑制细菌生长的物质（例如芽孢杆菌产生的杆菌肽
和多粘菌素）。

玉。

首先，座谈会的第一个内容当然是了解一下百奥明公司咯。
具体大家可以看图。

水宝宝

没有更多内容了吗？

玉。

由于座谈会办得也比较仓促，所以只是小型的十来号人物一起在一个平台下共同来交流。

玉。

虽说都是一些产品单张，但大家也可以了解一下。

玉。

座谈会举办得比较突然，主要原因据百奥明的张艳经理介绍，主要是在前几天走访了海南的几个养虾大户后，发现大家关心养殖防病技术但却有点病急乱投医的感觉，所以她认为这是个很紧迫的事。
所以呢，她刚回到广州，第二天又返程飞回海口筹办了这个座谈会了。