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Breaking News，世界上唯一的虾病专家对白虾养殖早期死亡症状的初步解释

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电梯直达

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发表于 2012-5-21 23:46:42 |只看该作者 |倒序浏览

美国亚历山大大学的Don Lightner 教授可以说是世界上唯一的虾病专家。
关于此人的信息，大家可以上网去查，如果英文够给力。

Early Mortality Syndrome 对虾早期死亡症状，下面简称EMS，于2010年在中国南方和海南省被发现，并于2011年扩散到越南和马来西亚。
该疾病的死亡率出现在投苗20至30天后，斑节对虾和南美白对虾都曾有被感染的报道。病虾表现出的症状包括昏沉和绝食，严重者的死亡率可以高达100%。显微解剖发现病虾的肝胰腺严重萎缩并有黑白条纹，虾壳变软病产生黑色的色斑。
组织病理学观察后发现，EMS的影响似乎仅限于肝胰腺，肝胰腺的退行性病变可能是由有毒物质造成的。与此同时，B1 黄曲霉毒素（ aflatoxin B1 ）和能抑制有丝分裂的笨菌灵（ benomyl ）都能给对虾的肝胰腺造成类似病变。
但导致EMS的病原依然没有弄清楚。目前的研究已表面饲料和甲壳动物杀虫剂不会导致EMS。而且，冰冻保存的EMS样本不会感染其他健康的虾。至今为止，在实验室条件下无法诱导出于EMS相同的表型症状。

原文如下
In 2010, Early Mortality Syndrome (EMS), a new shrimp disease, appeared on shrimp farms in southern China and on China’s Hainan Island. By early 2011, it spread to Vietnam and Malaysia.
The disease appears within 20 to 30 days after stocking. Giant tiger shrimp, Penaeus monodon, and Western white shrimp, P. vannamei, are affected. Diseased shrimp become lethargic, stop eating and mortalities approach 100% in severely affected ponds. The hepatopancreas shrinks and has whitish and black streaks. Other signs include a soft, generally darker shell and mottling of the carapace.
In samples of shrimp preserved for histology, the effects of EMS appear to be limited to the hepatopancreas. The degenerative pathology of the hepatopancreas suggests a toxic etiology. Similar lesions have been reported in the hepatopancreases of shrimp exposed to aflatoxin B1 (a toxin produced by many species of the Aspergillus fungus) and benomyl (a mitosis inhibitor).
Studies to determine the cause of EMS have not been successful. Researchers have ruled out commercial feeds used on shrimp farms where EMS occurred and a crustacide commonly used in the region to kill whitespot vectors. Frozen samples of shrimp with EMS did not infect other shrimp. To date, the researchers have not been able to experimentally induced lesions of the hepatopancreas consistent with those observed in shrimp with EMS.